About

Simpill Overview

Ownership

Simpill Supplements is owned and operated by actively licensed health care professionals in the United States.

Mission

Simplify personal health journeys by providing access to information and products that people can trust.

Literature Review

Information provided for each product was reviewed by licensed pharmacists and sourced from reputable scientific databases, articles, and analyses. Information is regularly reviewed and updated in our Supporting Literature section of our website.

Order Fulfillment

Order fulfillment takes 2-5 business days before shipping.

Shipping

Simpill Supplements ships domestically to customers within the United States.

  • US Domestic - Regular: 1-4 business days through USPS
  • US Domestic - Express (excludes Alaska & Hawaii): 1-3 business days through FedEx

Returns

We are here to help!

Any claims for misprinted/damaged/defective items must be submitted within 30 days of receiving the product:

  • For packages lost in transit, all claims must be submitted no later than 30 days after the estimated delivery date. 
  • Claims deemed an error on our part are covered at our expense and are either replaced or fully refunded.

Customers notice an issue with the products or anything in the order that seems to be out of place:

  1. Contact our customer support team at simpillsupplements@gmail.com.
  2. Send a photograph along with a brief explanation of the problem.
  3. We will review the issue and notify you of the approval or rejection of a replacement or refund.

If your claim gets approved, and you require a replacement, we will have a new order shipped to you within 10 business days. If you request a refund, a credit will be automatically applied to your credit card or original payment method within 10 business days.

Replacements & Refunds Restrictions

Simpill Supplements will not grant a refund, credit your account, or replace a produced product in case of:

  • Wrong Address – If a customer provides an address that is considered insufficient by the courier, the shipment will be returned to our facility. Customers will be liable for reshipment costs once we have confirmed an updated address.
  • Unclaimed – Customers will be liable for reshipment costs for shipments that go unclaimed and are returned to our facility.
  • Buyer's Remorse – Simpill Supplements does not refund orders for buyer’s remorse.

Supporting Literature

Ashwaganda

  1. Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2022;23(6):424-455.
  2. Fuladi S, Emami SA, Mohammadpour AH, Karimani A, Manteghi AA, Sahebkar A. Assessment of Withania somnifera root extract efficacy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2020.
  3. Sud Khyati S, Thaker B. A randomized double blind placebo controlled study of ashwagandha on generalized anxiety disorder. Int Ayurvedic Med J 2013;1(5):1-7.
  4. Cheah KL, Norhayati MN, Husniati Yaacob L, Abdul Rahman R. Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021;16(9):e0257843.
  5. Deshpande A, Irani N, Balkrishnan R, Benny IR. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults. Sleep Med. 2020;72:28-36.
  6. Akhgarjand C, Asoudeh F, Bagheri A, et al. Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022.
  7. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012;34(3):255-62.
  8. Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Joshi K. Body weight management in adults under chronic stress through treatment with ashwagandha root extract: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):96-106
  9. Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Malvi H, Kodgule R. An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(37):e17186.
  10. Salve J, Pate S, Debnath K, Langade D. Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus. 2019;11(12):e6466.
  11. Gopukumar K, Thanawala S, Somepalli V, Rao TSS, Thamatam VB, Chauhan S. Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract on cognitive functions in healthy, stressed adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Nov 30;2021:8254344.
  12. Baker C, Kirby JB, O'Connor J, Lindsay KG, Hutchins A, Harris M. The perceived impact of ashwagandha on stress, sleep quality, energy, and mental clarity for college students: qualitative analysis of a double-blind randomized control trial. J Med Food 2022.
  13. O'Connor J, Lindsay K, Baker C, Kirby J, Hutchins A, Harris M. The impact of ashwagandha on stress, sleep quality, and food cravings in college students: quantitative analysis of a double-blind randomized control trial. J Med Food 2022.

Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

Coenzyme-Q-10

  1. Molyneux, S. L., Florkowski, C. M., George, P. M., Pilbrow, A. P., Frampton, C. M., Lever, M., and Richards, A. M. Coenzyme
    Q10: an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure. J Am Coll.Cardiol. 10-28-2008;52(18):1435-1441. 
  2. Mortensen SA, Vadhanavikit S, Muratsu K, Folkers K. Coenzyme Q10: clinical benefits with biochemical correlates suggesting a scientific breakthrough in the management of chronic heart failure. Int J Tissue React. 1990;12:155-62.
  3. Watson PS, Scalia GM, Galbraith A, et al. Lack of effect of coenzyme Q on left ventricular function in patients with
    congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1549-52. 
  4. Permanetter B, Rossy W, Klein G, et al. Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) in the long-term treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1992;13:1528-33.
  5. Morisco C, Trimarco B, Condorelli M. Effect of coenzyme Q10 therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: a long-term, multicenter, randomized study. Clin Investig 1993;71:S134-6.
  6. Hofman-Bang C, Rehnqvist N, Swedberg K, et
    al. Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure. J Card
    Fail 1995;1:101-7.
  7. Baggio E, Gandini R, Plauncher AC, et al. Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. CoQ10 Drug Surveillance Investigators. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:S287-94.
  8. Soja AM, Mortensen SA. Treatment of congestive heart failure with coenzyme Q10 illuminated by meta-analyses of
    clinical trials. Mol Aspects Med 1997;18:S159-68.
  9. Berman M, Erman A, Ben-Gal T, et al. Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Cardiol 2004;27:295–9.
  10. Belardinelli R, Muçaj A, Lacalaprice F, et al. Coenzyme Q10 improves contractility of dysfunctional myocardium in chronic heart failure. Biofactors 2005;25:137-45.
  11. BBelardinelli R, Mucaj A, Lacalaprice F, et al. Coenzyme Q10 and exercise training in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J
    2006;27:2675-81.
  12. Keogh A, Fenton S, Leslie C, et al.
    Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q, therapy in class II and III systolic heart failure. Heart Lung Circ. 2003;12:135-41. 
  13. Morisco C, Nappi A, Argenziano L, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac hemodynamics during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure: effects of short-term coenzyme Q10 treatment.
    Mol.Aspects Med 1994;15 Suppl:s155-s63.
  14. Rengo F, Abete P, Landino P, et al. Role of metabolic therapy in cardiovascular disease. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S124-S8.
  15. Lampertico M, Comis S. Italian multicenter study on the efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 as adjuvant therapy in heart failure. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):S129-33.
  16. Ma A, Zhang W, Liu Z. Effect of protection and repair of injury of mitochondrial membrane- phospholipid on prognosis in
    patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Blood Press Suppl 1996;3:53-5. 
  17. Mortensen SA, Kumar A, Dolliner P, et al. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure.
    Results from the Q-SYMBIO study. European Journal of Heart Failure 2013;15:S1-20.
  18. Serra G, Lissoni F, Piemonti C, et al. Evaluation of coenzyme Q10 in patients with moderate heart failure and chronic stable effort angina. In: Folkers K, Littaru GP, and Yamagami T. Biomedical and
    clinical aspects of coenzyme Q. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers;1991.
  19. Zhu ZG, Sun MX, Zhang WL, Wang WW, Jin YM, Xie CL. The efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 in Parkinson's disease: a
    meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurol Sci 2017;38(2):215-224.
  20. Mortensen SA, Rosenfeldt F, Kumar A, Dolliner P, Filipiak KJ, Pella D,et al; Q-SYMBIO Study Investigators. The effect of
    coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(6):641-9.
  21. Hernandez-Ojeda, J., Cardona-Munoz, E. G., Roman-Pintos, L. M., Troyo-Sanroman, R., Ortiz-Lazareno, P. C., Cardenas-Meza,
    M. A., Pascoe-Gonzalez, S., and Miranda-Diaz, A. G. The effect of ubiquinone in diabetic polyneuropathy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J.Diabetes Complications 2012;26(4):352-358. 
  22. Amini P, Sajedi F, Mirjalili M, Mohammadi Y, Mehrpooya M. Coenzyme Q10 as a potential add-on treatment for patients
    suffering from painful diabetic neuropathy: results of a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022.
  23. Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, de Miguel M, et al. Can coenzyme Q10 improve clinical and molecular parameters in fibromyalgia? Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013;19(12):1356-61.
  24. Alcocer-Gomez E, Culic O, Navarro-Pando JM, Sanchez-Alcazar JA, Bullon P. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on psychopathological symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017 Feb;23(2):188-189. 
  25. Di Pierro F, Rossi A, Consensi A, Giacomelli C, Bazzichi L. Role for a water-soluble form of CoQ10 in female subjects affected by fibromyalgia. A preliminary study. Clin Exp Rhuematol. 2017
    May-Jun;35 Suppl 105(3):20-27.
  26. Rozen TD, Oshinsky ML, Gebeline CA, et al. Open label trial of coenzyme Q10 as a migraine preventive. Cephalalgia 2002;22:137-41. 
  27. Shoeibi A, Olfati N, Soltani Sabi M, Salehi M, Mali S, Akbari Oryani M. Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 in prophylactic treatment of migraine headache: an open-label, add-on, controlled trial. Acta Neurol Belg. 2017 Mar;117(1):103-109. doi: 10.1007/s13760-016-0697-z.
  28. Sazali S, Badrin S, Norhayati MN, Idris NS. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine-a
    meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2021;11(1):e039358. 
  29. Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial
    infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;246:75-82.
  30. Singh, R. B., Wander, G. S., Rastogi, A., Shukla, P. K., Mittal, A., Sharma, J. P., Mehrotra, S. K., Kapoor, R., and Chopra, R. K. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc.Drugs Ther. 1998;12(4):347-353.
  31. Greenberg S, Frishman WH. Co-enzyme Q10: a new drug for cardiovascular disease. J Clin Pharmacol 1990;30:596-608.
  32. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Yamamoto T, Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of
    metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;212:172-7.
  33. Alimohammadi M, Rahimi A, Faramarzi F, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress in breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled- trials. Inflammopharmacology
    2021;29(3):579-593.

Complete Multivitamin

  1. Bird JK, Murphy RA, Ciappio ED, McBurney MI. Risk of deficiency in multiple concurrent micronutrients in children and adults in the United States.
    Nutrients 2017; 9: 655.
  2. Blumberg JB, Bailey RL, Sesso HD, Ulrich CM. The evolving role of multivitamin/multimineral supplement use among adults in the age of personalized nutrition. Nutrients 2018, 10, 248.
  3. Rock CL. Multivitamin multimineral supplements: who uses them? Am J Clin
    Nutr 2007;85:277S-9S.
  4. NIH State-of-the-Science Panel. National Institutes of Health
    state-of-the-science conference statement: multivitamin/mineral supplements and chronic disease prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:257S-264S.

Creatine Monohydrate

  1. Carvalho AP, Rassi S, Fontana KE, et al. Influence of creatine supplementation on the functional capacity of patients with heart failure. Arg Bras Cardiol 2012;99:623-9.
  2. Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Forbes SC. Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health. Endocrine 2014;45(3):354-61.
  3. Mills S, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Neary JP, Ormsbee MJ, Antonio J. Effects of creatine supplementation during resistance training sessions in
    physically active young adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1880.
  4. WADA Prohibited List. 2023 Prohibited List - Effective
    January 1, 2023. Available at:
    http://www.usada.org/substances/prohibited-list/. Accessed December 1, 2023.
  5. NCAA Banned Drug List. Available at: http://www.ncaa.org/2022-23-ncaa-banned-drugs-list.
    Accessed December 1, 2023
  6. Fight against doping. The Olympic Games Web site. Available at: https://www.olympic.org/fight-against-doping. Accessed December 1, 2023.
  7. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine
    supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers.(abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40.
  8. Rossiter HB, Cannell ER, Jakeman PM. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on the 1000-m performance of competitive rowers. J Sports Sci 1996;14:175-9.
  9. Syrotuik, D. G., Game, A. B., Gillies, E. M., and Bell, G. J. Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity rowing training on performance. Can J Appl.Physiol
    2001;26(6):527-542.
  10. Chwalbinska-Moneta, J. Effect of creatine supplementation on
    aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2003;13(2):173-183.
  11. Lawrence SR, Preen DB, Dawson BT, and et al. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on maximal exercise performance in competitive rowers. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation. 1997;7:243-253.
  12. Bosco C, Tihanyi J, Pucspk J, et al. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on jumping and running performance. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:369-72.
  13. Stone MH, Sanborn K, Smith LL, et al. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players. Int J Sport Nutr 1999;9:146-65. 
  14. Ostojic, S. M. Creatine supplementation in young soccer
    players. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2004;14(1):95-103.
  15. Koenig CA, Benardot D Cody M Thompson WR. Comparison of
    creatine monohydrate and carbohydrate supplementation on repeated jump height performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1081-1086.
  16. Ramirez-Campillo R, Gonzalez-Jurado JA, Martinez C, et al.
    Effects of plyometric training and creatine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players. J Sci Med
    Sport. 2016 Aug;19(8):682-7.
  17. Devries MC, Phillips SM. Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults - a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014;46(6):1194-203.
  18. Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Forbes SC. Creatine supplementation
    and aging musculoskeletal health. Endocrine 2014;45(3):354-61. 
  19. Lanhers C, Pereira B, Naughton G, et al. Creating supplementation and upper limb strength performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2017;47(1):163-73.
  20. Lanhers C, Pereira B, Naughton G, et al. Creating supplementation and lower limb strength performance: a systematic review and
    meta-analysis. Sports Med 2015;45(9):1285-94. 
  21. Forbes SC, Candow DG, Ostojic SM, Roberts MD, Chilibeck PD.
    Meta-analysis examining the importance of creatine ingestion strategies on lean tissue mass and strength in older adults. Nutrients 2021;13(6):1912.
  22. Dos Santos EEP, de Araújo RC, Candow DG, et al. Efficacy of
    creatine supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and muscle mass in older females: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2021;13(11):3757.
  23. Greenhaff, P. L. Creatine and its application as an ergogenic aid. Int J Sport Nutr. 1995;5 Suppl:S100-S110.
  24. Greenhaff PL, Bodin K, Harris RC, and et al. The influence of oral creatine supplementation on muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis following intense contraction in man. J Physiol 1993;467:75p.
  25. Stricker PR. Other ergogenic agents. Clin Sports Med
    1998;17:283-97.

Magnesium Glycinate

  1. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th
    ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  2. Shils M, Olson A, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and
    Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1994.
  3. Huerta MG, Roemmich JN, Kington ML, et al. Magnesium
    deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in obese children. Diabetes Care
    2005;28:1175-81. 
  4. Larsson SC, Wolk A. Magnesium intake and risk of type-2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Intern Med 2007:262:208-14.
  5. Dong JY, Qin LQ. Dietary calcium intake and risk of type 2
    diabetes: a possible confounding by magnesium. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012
    Mar;66(3):408-10.
  6. Fang X, Han H, Li M, et al. Dose-Response Relationship
    between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients. 2016;8(11). 
  7. Xu T, Chen GC, Zhai L, Ke KF. Nonlinear Reduction in Risk
    for Type 2 Diabetes by Magnesium Intake: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Prospective
    Cohort Studies. Biomed Environ Sci. 2015;28(7):527-34.
  8. Zhao B, Zeng L, Zhao J, et al. Association of magnesium
    intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(3):e032240.
  9. Naseeb M, Bruneau ML, Milliron BJ, et al. Changes in Dietary
    Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Middle School Students: Using Data from the HEALTHY Study. J Nutr 2021;nxab272.
  10. Veronese N, Dominguez LJ, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Smith L, Barbagallo M. Oral magnesium supplementation for treating glucose metabolism parameters in people with or at risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4074. doi: 10.3390/nu13114074.
  11. Wang HW, Huang YT, Jiang MY. Association of dietary magnesium intake and glycohemoglobin with mortality risk in diabetic patients.
    PLoS One 2022;17(12):e0277180. 
  12. King DE, Mainous AG 3rd, Geesey ME, Woolson RF. Dietary magnesium and C-reactive protein levels. J Am Coll Nutr 2005;24:166-71. 
  13. He K, Liu K, Daviglus ML, et al. Magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome among young adults. Circulation 2006;113:1675-82.
  14. Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Low serum magnesium
    levels and metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 2002;39:209-13.
  15. Stendig-Lindberg G, Tepper R, Leichter I. Trabecular bone
    density in a two year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis.
    Magnes Res 1993;6:155-63.
  16. Aydin, H., Deyneli, O., Yavuz, D., Gozu, H., Mutlu, N., Kaygusuz, I., and Akalin, S. Short-term oral magnesium supplementation
    suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2010;133(2):136-143. 
  17. Tucker KL, Hannan MT, Chen H, et al. Potassium, magnesium,
    and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:727-36.
  18. Houtkooper LB, Ritenbaugh C, Aickin M, et al. Nutrients,
    body composition and exercise are related to change in bone mineral density in premenopausal women. J Nutr 1995;125:1229-37. 
  19. Veronese N, Pizzol D, Smith L, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M.
    Effect of magnesium supplementation on inflammatory parameters: a meta-analysis
    of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 5;14(3):679.
  20. Douban S, Brodsky MA, Whang DD, Whang R. Significance of
    magnesium in congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1996;132:664-71.
  21. Sabatier M, Arnaud MJ, Kastenmayer P, et al. Meal effect on magnesium bioavailability from mineral water in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:65-71.
  22. Altura BT, Memon ZI, Zhang A, et al. Low levels of serum
    ionized magnesium are found in patients early after stroke which result in rapid elevation in cytosolic free calcium and spasm in cerebral vascular muscle
    cells. Neurosci Lett 1997;230:37-40.
  23. Suter PM. The effects of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber on risk of stroke. Nutr Rev 1999;57:84-8.
  24. Cohen N, Almoznino-Sarafian D, Zaidenstein R, et al. Serum
    magnesium aberrations in furosemide (frusemide) treated patients with congestive heart failure: pathophysiological correlates and prognostic
    evaluation. Heart 2003;89:411-6.
  25. Ford ES, Mokdad AH. Dietary magnesium intake in a national
    sample of US adults. J Nutr 2003;133:2879-82.
  26. Study: Half of All Americans are Magnesium Deficient.
    Available at: https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/study-half-of-all-americans-are-magnesium-deficient. Accessed November 17, 2023.
  27. Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L. The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress-A Systematic Review.
    Nutrients. 2017 Apr 26;9(5):429.
  28. Shanthakumar P, Klepacka J, Bains A, Chawla P, Dhull SB,
    Najda A. The Current Situation of Pea Protein and Its Application in the Food Industry. Molecules. 2022 Aug 22;27(16):5354.
  29. How magnesium affects your sleep and anxiety. https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/science-and-technology/2023/04/how-magnesium-affects-your-sleep-and-anxiety. Accessed November 17, 2023.
  30. Noah L, Dye L, Bois De Fer B, Mazur A, Pickering G, Pouteau
    E. Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Stress Health. 2021 Dec;37(5):1000-1009.
  31. Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi
    B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 3;12(6):1661.
  32. Tarleton EK, Littenberg B, MacLean CD, Kennedy
    AG, Daley C (2017) Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0180067.

Melatonin

  1. Nagtegaal JE, Laurant MW, Kerkhof GA, et al. Effects of melatonin on the quality of life in patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2000;48:45-50.
  2. Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Pandya R, et al. Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment #108. (Prepared by the Univ of Alberta Evidence-based Practice
    Center, under Contract#290-02-0023.) AHRQ Publ #05-E002-2. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality. November 2004.
  3. Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N, et al. The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A
    meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:1151-8.
  4. Rahman, S. A., Kayumov, L., and Shapiro, C. M. Antidepressant action of melatonin in the treatment of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome. Sleep Med. 2010;11(2):131-136.
  5. van Geijlswijk, I. M., Korzilius, H. P., and Smits, M. G. The use of exogenous melatonin in delayed sleep phase disorder: a meta-analysis. Sleep 2010;33(12):1605-1614.
  6. Nagtegaal, J. E., Kerkhof, G. A., Smits, M. G., Swart, A. C., and Van Der Meer, Y. G. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: A placebo-controlled cross-over study on the effects of melatonin administered five hours before the individual dim light melatonin onset. J Sleep Res 1998;7(2):135-143
  7. Eckerberg B, Lowden A, Nagai R, Akerstedt T. Melatonin treatment effects on adolescent students' sleep timing and sleepiness in a placebo-controlled crossover study. Chronobiol Int. 2012;29(9):1239-48.
  8. Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e63773.
  9. Wilhelmsen-Langeland A, Saxvig IW, Pallesen S, et al. A randomized controlled trial with bright light and melatonin for the
    treatment of delayed sleep phase disorder: effects on subjective and objective sleepiness and cognitive function. J Biol Rhythms. 2013;28(5):306-21.
  10. Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N, et al. The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A
    meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:1151-8.
  11. Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Pandya R, et al. Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology
    Assessment #108. (Prepared by the Univ of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center, under Contract#290-02-0023.) AHRQ Publ #05-E002-2. Rockville, MD:
    Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality. November 2004.
  12. Peres MFP, Zukerman E, da Cunha Tanuri F, et al. Melatonin, 3 mg, is effective for migraine prevention. Neurology 2004;63:757. 
  13. Gonçalves AL, Martini Ferreira A, Ribeiro RT, Zukerman E, Cipolla-Neto J, Peres MF. Randomised clinical trial comparing melatonin 3 mg, amitriptyline 25 mg and placebo for migraine prevention. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87(10):1127-32.
  14. Bougea A, Spantideas N, Lyras V, Avramidis T, Thomaidis T. Melatonin 4 mg as prophylactic therapy for primary headaches: a
    pilot study. Funct Neurol. 2016 Jan-Mar;31(1):33-7. 
  15. Tseng PT, Yang CP, Su KP, et al. The association between melatonin and episodic migraine: A pilot network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare the prophylactic effects with exogenous melatonin supplementation and pharmacotherapy. J Pineal
    Res. 2020;69(2):e12663.
  16. Puliappadamb HM, Maiti R, Mishra A, Jena M, Mishra BR. Efficacy and safety of melatonin as prophylaxis for migraine in
    adults: A meta-analysis. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2022;36(3-4):207-219.

Protein

  1. Cribb PJ, Wiliams AD, Carey MF, Hayes A. The effect of whey
    isolate and resistance training on strength, body composition, and plasma
    glutamine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2006;16:494-509.
  2. Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Stathis CG, et al.
    Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle
    hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:298-307.
  3. Candow DG, Burke NC, Smith-Palmer T, Burke
    DG. Effect of whey and soy protein supplementation combined with resistance
    training in young adults. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2006;16:233-44.
  4. Burke, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Davidson, K.
    S., Candow, D. G., Farthing, J., and Smith-Palmer, T. The effect of whey
    protein supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate combined with
    resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscle strength. Int J Sport
    Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2001;11(3):349-364. 
  5. Brown, E. C., DiSilvestro, R. A., Babaknia,
    A., and Devor, S. T. Soy versus whey protein bars: effects on exercise training
    impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status. Nutr J 12-8-2004;3:22.
  6. Hulmi, J. J., Kovanen, V., Selanne, H.,
    Kraemer, W. J., Hakkinen, K., and Mero, A. A. Acute and long-term effects of
    resistance exercise with or without protein ingestion on muscle hypertrophy and
    gene expression. Amino.Acids 2009;37(2):297-308.
  7. Volek JS, Volk BM, Gómez AL, et al. Whey
    protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass. J
    Am Coll Nutr 2013;32(2):122-35.
  8. Taylor LW, Wilborn C, Roberts MD, White A,
    Dugan K. Eight weeks of pre- and postexercise whey protein supplementation
    increases lean body mass and improves performance in Division III collegiate
    female basketball players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(3):249-54. 
  9. Li M, Liu F. Effect of whey protein
    supplementation during resistance training sessions on body mass and muscular
    strength: a meta-analysis. Food Funct. 2019;10(5):2766-2773.
  10. McAdam JS, McGinnis KD, Beck DT, et al.
    Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body
    Composition in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers. Nutrients. 2018;10(9).
  11. Sharp MH, Lowery RP, Shields KA, et al. The
    Effects of Beef, Chicken, or Whey Protein After Workout on Body Composition and
    Muscle Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(8):2233-2242.
  12. Bemben MG, Witten MS Carter JM Eliot KA
    Knehans AW Bemben DA. The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on
    muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in
    middle-aged and older men. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(2):155-159.
  13. Eliot, K. A., Knehans, A. W., Bemben, D. A.,
    Witten, M. S., Carter, J., and Bemben, M. G. The effects of creatine and whey
    protein supplementation on body composition in men aged 48 to 72 years during
    resistance training. J Nutr Health Aging 2008;12(3):208-212. 
  14. Belobrajdic DP, McIntosh GH, Owens JA. A
    high-whey-protein diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity
    relative to red meat in Wister rats. J Nutr 2004;134:1454-8.
  15. Tang JE, Manolakos JJ, Kujbida GW, et al.
    Minimal whey protain with carbohydrate stimulates muscle protein synthesis
    following resistance exercise in trained young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
    2007;32:1132-8.
  16. Deutz, N. E., Safar, A., Schutzler, S.,
    Memelink, R., Ferrando, A., Spencer, H., van, Helvoort A., and Wolfe, R. R.
    Muscle protein synthesis in cancer patients can be stimulated with a specially
    formulated medical food. Clin Nutr 2011;30(6):759-768. 
  17. Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree, M. G.,
    Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., and Wolfe, R. R. Ingestion of casein and whey
    proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports
    Exerc. 2004;36(12):2073-2081.
  18. Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Burd, N. A.,
    Rerecich, T., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Phillips, S. M. Differential stimulation
    of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis with protein ingestion at
    rest and after resistance exercise. J Physiol 2-15-2009;587(Pt 4):897-904.
  19. Atherton, P. J., Etheridge, T., Watt, P. W.,
    Wilkinson, D., Selby, A., Rankin, D., Smith, K., and Rennie, M. J. Muscle full
    effect after oral protein: time-dependent concordance and discordance between
    human muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling. Am J Clin Nutr
    2010;92(5):1080-1088.
  20. Moore, D. R., Atherton, P. J., Rennie, M. J.,
    Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Phillips, S. M. Resistance exercise enhances mTOR and
    MAPK signalling in human muscle over that seen at rest after bolus protein
    ingestion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 9-27-2010;
  21. Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S.,
    Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A.,
    Schjerling, P., van, Hall G., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Whey and casein labeled
    with L-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance
    exercise and protein ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab
    2011;300(1):E231-E242.
  22. Coffey, V. G., Moore, D. R., Burd, N. A.,
    Rerecich, T., Stellingwerff, T., Garnham, A. P., Phillips, S. M., and Hawley,
    J. A. Nutrient provision increases signalling and protein synthesis in human
    skeletal muscle after repeated sprints. Eur.J Appl.Physiol
    2011;111(7):1473-1483.
  23. Breen, L., Philp, A.,
    Witard, O. C., Jackman, S. R., Selby, A., Smith, K., Baar, K., and Tipton, K.
    D. The influence of carbohydrate-protein co-ingestion following endurance
    exercise on myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis. J Physiol
    8-15-2011;589(Pt 16):4011-4025.
  24. Wu G. Dietary protein intake and human health. Food Funct. 2016 Mar;7(3):1251-65. doi: 10.1039/c5fo01530h. PMID: 26797090.

Spirulina

  1. Miczke A, Szulinska M, Hansdorfer-Korzon R, et al. Effects of spirulina consumption on body weight, blood pressure, and endothelial function in overweight hypertensive Caucasians: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016;20(1):150-6. 
  2. Martínez-Sámano J, Torres-Montes de Oca A, Luqueño-Bocardo OI, et al. Spirulina maxima decreases endothelial damage and oxidative stress indicators in patients with systemic arterial hypertension:
    results from exploratory controlled clinical trial. Mar Drugs 2018;16(12). pii: E496. doi: 10.3390/md16120496.
  3. Machowiec P, Reka G, Maksymowicz M, Piecewicz-Szczesna H, Smolen A. Effect of spirulina supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized
    controlled trials. Nutrients 2021;13(9):3054.
  4. Juarez-Oropeza MA, Mascher D, Torres-Duran PV, Farias JM, Paredes-Carbajal MC. Effects of dietary Spirulina on vascular
    reactivity.J.Med.Food 2009;12:15-20.
  5. Ghaem Far Z, Babajafari S, Kojuri J, et al. Antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)
    sauce on patients with hypertension: a randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021;35(11):6181-90.
  6. Mahendra J, Mahendra L, Muthu J, John L, Romanos GE. Clinical effects of subgingivally delivered spirulina gel in chronic periodontitis cases: a placebo controlled clinical trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(10):2330-3.
  7. Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Dragan S, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation
    on plasma lipid concentrations. Clin Nutr 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.09.007.
  8. Marles RJ, Barrett ML, Barnes J, et al. United States Pharmacopeia safety evaluation of spirulina. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011;51(7):593-604.
  9. Moradi S, Ziaei R, Foshati S, Mohammadi H, Nachvak SM, Rouhani MH. Effects of Spirulina supplementation on obesity: A
    systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019;47:102211.
  10. Zarezadeh M, Faghfouri AH, Radkhah N, et al. Spirulina supplementation and anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res. 2020.

Vitamin D3

  1. L'Abbe MR, Whiting SJ, Hanley DA. The Canadian health claim for calcium, vitamin D and osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr
    2004;23:303-8.
  2. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Food labeling: health claims; calcium and osteoporosis, and calcium, vitamin D, and
    osteoporosis. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2008;73(189):56477-87.
  3. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. 
  4. Vitamin D dosing: an update. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2010;26(7):260707.
  5. LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, et al. The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International. 2022.
  6. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Food labeling: health claims; calcium and osteoporosis, and calcium, vitamin D, and osteoporosis. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2008;73(189):56477-87.
  7. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 2001;285:785-95.
  8. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician's
    Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Universal Recommendations
    for All Patients. Available at:
    http://www.nof.org/physguide/univeral_recommendations.htm#adequate. (Accessed 14 November 2023).
  9. Larsen ER, Mosekilde L, Foldspang A. Vitamin
    D and calcium supplementation prevents osteoporotic fractures in elderly community dwelling residents: a pragmatic population-based 3-year intervention study. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:370-8.
  10. Boonen S, Body JJ, Boutsen Y, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:239-54.
  11. Papadimitropoulos E, Wells G, Shea B, et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysis
    of the efficacy of vitamin D treatment in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev 2002;23:560-9.
  12. Avenell, A., Gillespie, W. J., Gillespie, L. D., and O'Connell, D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing
    fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(2):CD000227.
  13. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, et al. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2005;293:2257-64.
  14. O'Donnell, S., Moher, D., Thomas, K., Hanley, D. A., and Cranney, A. Systematic review of the benefits and harms of calcitriol and alfacalcidol for fractures and falls. J Bone Miner Metab
    2008;26(6):531-542.
  15. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Willett, W. C., Wong, J. B., Stuck, A. E., Staehelin, H. B., Orav, E. J., Thoma, A., Kiel, D. P., and Henschkowski, J. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch
    Intern.Med. 3-23 2009;169(6):551-561.
  16. Avenell, A., Gillespie, W. J., Gillespie, L. D., and O'Connell, D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing
    fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(2):CD000227.
  17. Patient level pooled analysis of 68 500 patients from seven major vitamin D fracture trials in US and Europe. BMJ 2010;340:b5463.
  18. Bergman, G. J., Fan, T., McFetridge, J. T.,
    and Sen, S. S. Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in preventing fractures in elderly women: a meta-analysis. Curr Med.Res Opin. 2010;26(5):1193-1201.
  19. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Willett, W. C., Orav, E. J., Lips, P., Meunier, P. J., Lyons, R. A., Flicker, L., Wark, J., Jackson, R. D., Cauley, J. A., Meyer, H. E., Pfeifer, M., Sanders, K. M., Stahelin, H. B., Theiler, R., and Dawson-Hughes, B. A pooled analysis of vitamin D dose requirements for fracture prevention. N.Engl.J Med.
    7-5-2012;367(1):40-49.
  20. Kong SH, Jang HN, Kim JH, Kim SW, Shin CS. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of fractures and falls according to
    dosage and interval: A meta-analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022;37(2):344-358.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin
    D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  22. Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, et al. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention. a quantitative meta analysis. Am J Prev Med 2007;32:210-6.
  23. Gesensway D. Vitamin D. Ann Int Med 2000;133:318.
  24. John EM, Schwartz GG, Koo J, et al. Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and risk of advanced prostate
    cancer. Cancer Res 2005; 65:5470-9.
  25. Gross MD. Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of prostate and colon cancer: new approaches for the identification of needs. J Nutr 2005;135:326-31.